{"id":2285,"date":"2018-01-21T05:00:04","date_gmt":"2018-01-21T04:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/?p=2285"},"modified":"2018-01-30T14:20:57","modified_gmt":"2018-01-30T13:20:57","slug":"apple-historie-pc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc","title":{"rendered":"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple: \u00dasp\u011bch vyst\u0159\u00eddal propad"},"content":{"rendered":"

Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple<\/a> je star\u00e1 p\u0159es 40 let, b\u011bhem nich\u017e u\u0161ly opravdu dlouhou cestu. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo cel\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed IT na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku, a nikdo nemohl tu\u0161it, co p\u0159inesou dal\u0161\u00ed roky. P\u0159esto se Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs pustili do sestrojen\u00ed v\u016fbec prvn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de<\/strong>, jeho\u017e my\u0161lenka vych\u00e1zela z v\u011bdeck\u00e9 kalkula\u010dky. O n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji poznal sv\u011bt prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti pod n\u00e1zvem Apple I.<\/p>\n

\"Historie<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00e1pad na sestrojen\u00ed vlastn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de p\u0159i\u0161el u\u017e v roce 1971, kdy se Steve Jobs a Steve Wozniak poprv\u00e9 setkali. N\u00e1vrhy vnit\u0159n\u00edch obvod\u016f a celkov\u00e9ho designu zabraly n\u011bkolik let, b\u011bhem nich\u017e se dvojice mlad\u00fdch nad\u0161enc\u016f pot\u00fdkala s nedostatkem financ\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed pen\u00edze na n\u00e1kup pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek po\u0159\u00eddli Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs z prodeje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 kalkula\u010dky a mikrobusu.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple I: Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pod zna\u010dkou Apple<\/h2>\n

V roce 1976 kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem Apple I, kter\u00e9ho po p\u0159edstaven\u00ed v kalifornsk\u00e9m Los Altos vyrobili 200 kus\u016f. S opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bt\u00ed (RAM) 4 KB a mikroprocesorem MOS Technology 6502 s frekvenc\u00ed 1 MHz se nejednalo o po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na hry, ani dom\u00e1c\u00ed nebo kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstroj tvo\u0159ila s\u00e9rie obvod\u016f, k nim\u017e bylo t\u0159eba dokoupit nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj a monitor, a nav\u00edc doinstalovat vlastn\u00ed programy<\/strong>. I p\u0159esto byl z\u00e1jem nenasycen\u00e9ho trhu o \u201enedokonal\u00fd\u201c po\u010d\u00edta\u010d obrovsk\u00fd. Wozniak a Jobs ho tenkr\u00e1t prodali elektroobchodu za 500 USD (10 426 K\u010d) \/ kus, tj. dnes jako 2 151 USD (44 852 K\u010d).<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple II: Prvn\u00ed mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d pro dom\u00e1cnosti<\/h2>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok d\u00e1v\u00e1 Apple Computer sv\u011btu sv\u016fj v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/strong> A\u010dkoliv se i tentokr\u00e1t jednalo o mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d, vypadal Apple II podstatn\u011b \u201edokonaleji\u201c ne\u017e jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce. Monitor st\u00e1l na bedn\u011b, v n\u00ed\u017e byl integrovan\u00e1 kl\u00e1vesnice; a nav\u00edc bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 instalovat z kazet. Apple II p\u0159evzal mikroprocesor MOS Technology 6502 s frekvenc\u00ed 1 MHz, a zachoval si tak\u00e9 4 MB RAM. Zna\u010dn\u00e9 vylep\u0161en\u00ed nab\u00edzela podpora programovac\u00edho jazyku Integer BASIC a tabulkov\u00fd kalkul\u00e1tor VisiCalc.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdstup z kazet \u0161el p\u0159ehr\u00e1vat na monitoru i televizi, a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d um\u011bl rovn\u011b\u017e nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat a program\u016f na audio p\u00e1sky. Apple II u\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b zvl\u00e1dal prvn\u00ed hry, aplikace i dal\u0161\u00ed programovac\u00ed jazyky<\/strong>, a jeho maloobchodn\u00ed cena byla 1 289 USD (26 815 K\u010d), za roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou verzi s 48 KB RAM 2 638 USD (55 007 K\u010d). Tj. jako 5 206 (108 555 K\u010d) \/ 10 655 USD (221 178 K\u010d) dnes. \u00dasp\u011bch Applu II n\u00e1sledoval roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed o disketovou jednotku, benevolentn\u00ed konstrukce nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148ovala p\u0159ipojen\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed video karty, pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch modul\u016f, pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f nebo s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch komponent\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple II Plus: Vylep\u0161en\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch<\/h2>\n

Brzy p\u0159i\u0161el vylep\u0161en\u00fd model Apple II Plus, kter\u00fd m\u011bl od z\u00e1kladu 48 KB RAM s mo\u017enost\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na 64 KB. No nerozjeli byste na tom ani prvn\u00edho Maria.<\/em> Vylep\u0161en\u00fd model tak\u00e9 podporoval programovac\u00ed jazyky Applesoft BASIC, UCSD Pascal a Fortran 77<\/strong>. O p\u011bt let pozd\u011bji, tedy roku 1982, p\u0159edstavil Apple \u201eodleh\u010denou verzi\u201c s ozna\u010den\u00edm Apple IIe, kter\u00e1 byla sestavena z levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch komponent.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

Oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu modelu m\u011bl u\u017e slu\u0161n\u00fdch (na tu dobu) 64 KB RAM roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159iteln\u00fdch na 128 KB a dok\u00e1zal zobrazit a\u017e 80 textov\u00fdch sloupc\u016f, v nich\u017e rozli\u0161oval velk\u00e1 a mal\u00e1 p\u00edsmena.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple III: P\u0159e\u0161lap k hor\u0161\u00edmu<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 s posledn\u00edm modelem Applu II byl na trh uveden nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s n\u00e1zvem Apple III ur\u010den\u00fd pro firmy. Ten se ale setkal s velk\u00fdm ne\u00fasp\u011bchem<\/strong>, co\u017e z\u00e1hy sm\u011ble prohl\u00e1sil i Steve Wozniak. Apple III m\u011bl zcela nov\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zvan\u00fd SOS, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fd programovac\u00edm jazyk\u016fm BASIC a Pascal. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de m\u011bly od z\u00e1kladu procesor s frekvenc\u00ed 2 MHz a 256 KB RAM s mo\u017enost\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na dvojn\u00e1sobek.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

To byl na svou dobu slu\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdkon, kter\u00fd cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj kv\u016fli absenci chlad\u00edc\u00edho v\u011btr\u00e1ku zcela odrovnal<\/strong>. Steve Jobs t\u00edm cht\u011bl p\u0159edej\u00edt hlu\u010dnosti stroje – jak se ale uk\u00e1zalo, u\u017e po prvn\u00edm zapnut\u00ed k p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed a zni\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Pochroumanou pov\u011bst u\u017e mu nezachr\u00e1nil ani Apple III Plus, kter\u00fd byl zbaven v\u0161ech probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/a>

Apple II: Zp\u00e1tky ve h\u0159e<\/h2>\n

Po fiasku s posledn\u00edm modelem, se Steve Jobs a Stevef Wozniak rozhodli, \u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edho modelu. P\u0159i\u0161ly tedy s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem Apple IIc, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sledovaly Apple IIGS s lep\u0161\u00edm procesorem a u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed bylo p\u0159izp\u016fsobeno vzhledu Mac OS.<\/p>\n

\"Apple<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00e9rii zakon\u010doval Apple IIc Plus, nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stroj sv\u00e9 \u0159ady<\/strong>. R\u016fzn\u00e9 modely byly prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny do roku 1993, a na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech vydr\u017eely dokonce a\u017e do roku 2000! Na trhu se nakonec objevilo na 172 r\u016fzn\u00fdch klon\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto poskytovaly jedno nebo dv\u011b vylep\u0161en\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cenu.<\/p>\n

V dal\u0161\u00edm d\u00edle se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na v\u00fdvoj Macbook\u016f, pota\u017emo laptop\u016f Apple, kter\u00e9 dobyly sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple je star\u00e1 p\u0159es 40 let, b\u011bhem nich\u017e u\u0161ly opravdu dlouhou cestu. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo cel\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed IT na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku, a nikdo nemohl tu\u0161it, co p\u0159inesou dal\u0161\u00ed roky. P\u0159esto se Steve Wozniak a Steve Jobs pustili do sestrojen\u00ed v\u016fbec prvn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple: \u00dasp\u011bch vyst\u0159\u00eddal propad a naopak","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_options":[]},"categories":[1080],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nHistorie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple: \u00dasp\u011bch a propad | AppleKing.cz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple od vzniku v roce 1971 do roku 1993. Sv\u011bt dostal po\u010d\u00edta\u010de Apple I, Apple II, Apple III a n\u011bkolik vylep\u0161en\u00fdch verz\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple: \u00dasp\u011bch a propad | AppleKing.cz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple od vzniku v roce 1971 do roku 1993. Sv\u011bt dostal po\u010d\u00edta\u010de Apple I, Apple II, Apple III a n\u011bkolik vylep\u0161en\u00fdch verz\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AppleKing Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-01-21T04:00:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-01-30T13:20:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/jobs-wozniak.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"880\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Luk\u00e1\u0161\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Luk\u00e1\u0161\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Luk\u00e1\u0161\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/4d2de3d8eb75687dfb0b98ef6b8d6dbe\"},\"headline\":\"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple: \u00dasp\u011bch vyst\u0159\u00eddal propad\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-21T04:00:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-01-30T13:20:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc\"},\"wordCount\":941,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Zaj\u00edmavosti\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/apple-historie-pc\",\"name\":\"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple: \u00dasp\u011bch a propad | AppleKing.cz\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.appleking.cz\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-21T04:00:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-01-30T13:20:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f Apple od vzniku v roce 1971 do roku 1993. 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